大气粒子散射相函数的参数化方案比较及其改进     

刘琨  张峰  吴琨  周秀骥  张华  刘仁强 《气象学报》2016,74(5):784-795

大气粒子散射相函数的参数化是大气辐射传输参数化的重要组成部分。文中全面比较了大气粒子的HenyeyGreenstein(HG)方案和双Henyey-Greenstein(DHG)方案,并在四流球谐函数展开累加法中,应用这两种相函数参数化方案计算气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率、透射率或吸收率。该研究结果表明:HG方案无法表现相函数的后向峰值,因而其计算的大气粒子反射率和透射率精度较差;DHG方案能较好地表征相函数的整体特征,但是该方案计算的相函数易出现后向异常峰值或为负值,并导致计算得到的气溶胶、云、霾粒子的反射率和透射率精度甚至会低于HG方案。对DHG方案进行进一步研究,提出了改进的DHG方案(MDHG)。MDHG方案计算结果稳定,并能很好表征相函数的前向和后向峰值的特征,其计算的大气粒子的反射率和透射率精度也较高。因此,MDHG方案是一种理想的相函数参数化方案。  相似文献   

Nonlocal Turbulent Mixing Based on Convective Adjustment Concepts (Ntac)     

William H. Raymond 《Boundary-Layer Meteorology》1999,92(2):263-291

A nonlocal turbulent mixing parameterization is introduced in this study and denoted by the acronym NTAC, which stands for Nonlocal parameterization of Turbulent mixing using convective Adjustment Concepts. NTAC uses the average value of quantities in the turbulent domain in much the same way that local convective adjustment schemes use the average potential temperature. Averages are determined in the region with non-convective turbulence using information from the two end layers (denoted by TLA, Two Layer Average), while all layers contribute to the average in regions with convective turbulence (denoted by CLA, Convective Layer Average). The NTAC parameterization estimates the mixing percentage and uses this percentage as a mixing coefficient. These percentages are determined from a simplified turbulent kinetic energy equation. The scheme is versatile, conservative, and when programmed efficiently the proposed parameterization is a computationally acceptable nonlocal procedure that can be used in many existing numerical weather prediction forecast models.Numerical weather forecast model simulations using the NTAC parameterization and traditional K-theory are compared against radiosonde data. The accuracy of the proposed NTAC parameterization is found to be competitive with K theory. The greatest improvement of the NTAC over K-theory occurs during the daytime and early nighttime hours when (dry) convective activity is high. Also, areal cloud coverage is increased by the NTAC parameterization. Our findings show that the greatest nonlocal vertical mixing occurs between the layer nearest the earth's surface and the remaining layers making up the planetary boundary layer.  相似文献   

辐射收支对降水数值预报的影响   总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6  

尹宏  贾逸勤 《气象学报》2000,58(1):115-122

将辐射参数化子程序与中国科学院大气物理研究所降水有限区域模式结合 ,进行数值模拟 ,所得结果合理。辐射子程序能模拟并提供各高度及地面的辐射收支、温度、湿度日变化。对于大尺度降水过程 ,辐射使夜间降水量显著增加 ,是夜间降水多的原因之一。而辐射使白天降水有小量增加。  相似文献   

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh, India     

P. C. Sinha  S. K. Dube  A. K. Mitra  T. S. Murty 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(2):117-132

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.  相似文献   

Optimizing and comparing gap-filling techniques using simulated NDVI time series from remotely sensed global data     

《International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation》2019

NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) time series usually suffer from remaining cloud presence, even after data pre-processing. To address this issue, numerous gap-filling (or reconstruction) techniques have been developed in the literature, although their comparison has mainly been local to regional, with only two global studies to date, and has led to sometimes contradictory results. This study builds on these different comparisons, by testing different parameterizations for five NDVI temporal profile reconstruction techniques, namely HANTS (Harmonic Analysis of Time Series), IDR (iterative Interpolation for Data Reconstruction), Savitzky-Golay, Asymmetric Gaussian and Double Logistic, and then comparing them as generally parameterized, and then with the best of the tested parameterizations. These comparisons show that the HANTS reconstruction technique provides lower errors in cloud prone areas, while the IDR method works best with shorter cloud covers. However, the remaining errors in cloud prone areas are still high, and there is room for new reconstruction techniques. Although these results are only applicable to the range of the tested parameterizations, these latter have been chosen within widely used configurations, and should provide interested users with a better understanding of the different methods and the best parameterization for their needs, as well as an estimate of the expected error in the reconstruction of NDVI time series.  相似文献   

现行黄河口滨海区冲淤时空演变及其影响因素   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

韩香举  陈沈良  付作民  凡姚申  王培元 《海洋通报》2020,39(5):567-580

自黄河入海流路人工改道清 8 汊后，受自然因素变化和人类活动干预影响，入海水沙出现新的情势，河口滨海区水下地形也发生相应调整。本文基于 1997—2018 年实测水深断面资料，建立水下地形数字高程模型 （DEM），综合研究了黄河 口滨海区冲淤的时空演变及其影响因素。结果表明，1997—2018 年黄河口滨海区整体呈淤积状态，累积淤积量为 5.36 * 108 m3。从时间上来看，水下地形演变经历 3 个阶段：缓慢冲刷 （1997—2002 年）、快速淤积 （2002—2007 年）、缓慢淤积 （2007— 2018 年）。从空间上来看，现行河口区呈淤积状态，而孤东近岸和老河口区呈冲刷状态。在水下地形不同的发展阶段，维持冲淤平衡的临界输沙量也有所不同，调水调沙之前为 1.65*108t/a，调水调沙以来为 1.09* 108t/a。来水来沙对河口滨海区的冲淤演变起着主导作用，2016—2017 年调水调沙中断，河口滨海区大面积冲刷。2018 年防洪调度的实施使水下地形迅速淤积。黄河口滨海区演变除了受来水来沙的直接影响，还受泥沙粒径和口门位置的影响。  相似文献   

A Tidal Flow Model for the Gulf of Kachchh,India     

P. C. Sinha  S. K. Dube  A. K. Mitra  T. S. Murty 《Marine Geodesy》2013,36(2):117-132

A vertically integrated model has been used to study the tidal circulation and currents in the Gulf of Kachchh along the west coast of India. The model is fully nonlinear and uses a semiexplicit finite difference scheme to solve the basic hydrodynamic equations on a staggered grid. The model is forced by prescribing the tides along the open boundary of the model domain. The flow is simulated both with and without the presence of the proposed tidal barrage across the Hansthal Creek in the Gulf of Kachchh. The results show a considerable change in the behavior of the tidal flow in the presence of the barrage.  相似文献   

陕西省气象灾害灾情特征及年景评估          下载免费PDF全文

蔡新玲  雷向杰  王娜  王娟敏  胡国玲 《陕西气象》2011,(4):17-20

本文利用WRF模式对2011年7月3日成都地区的一次强雷暴伴强降水过程进行了数值模拟分析。通过采用不同的物理过程参数化方案的对比研究表明,物理过程对降水及雷暴的落区和强度非常重要,试验结果也表明,在成都这样紧邻青藏高原的特殊地形环境下进行WRF模式的模拟及应用也是可行的。  相似文献   

沙尘天气过程临界起沙因子的研究进展   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5  

朱好  张宏升 《地球科学进展》2011,26(1):30-38

临界起沙摩阻风速u*t或临界起沙风速ut是土壤可蚀性的度量指标之一,是表征沙尘颗粒进入大气的重要因子,也是沙尘暴预报模块中最重要的参数之一.野外实验、模式参数化和统计理论是近年来确定临界起沙摩阻风速u*t或临界起沙风速ut的3种主要方法.利用不同方法获取u*t或ut的结果可以相互校验.野外实验的实测结果可为获取适用的起...  相似文献   

The energy-cycle analysis of the interactions between shallow and deep atmospheric convection     

《Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans》2013

  相似文献